The Greek paideia referred to formative education in virtue and culture, while philanthrōpía pointed to love of humankind rooted in moral psychology.
The Romans fused ideas, transforming them into a civic and pedagogical ideal aligning learning with moral duty.
During the Renaissance, studia humanitatis (“study of humanitas”) described the classical curriculum of grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy.
Latin humanitas linked to Greek ideals of cultivated humanity, united moral sympathy with intellectual cultivation.
